Development

Construction Budget & GC Contract Analyzer

Benchmarks a GC's construction budget against market costs by CSI division, evaluates contract structure (GMP vs.

GC budgetCSI benchmarksconstruction costs

No packaged download — skills install from the open-source plugin repo. Read the SKILL.md and bundled files below before you install.

How to install a skill →

01 · Problem

Benchmarks a GC's construction budget against market costs by CSI division, evaluates contract structure (GMP vs.

Derived from the skill’s “Skill description” section.

02 · Who & When

Trigger on any of these signals:

Explicit: "review this GC budget," "construction cost benchmarking," "GMP vs. cost-plus," "GC fee," "change order management," "construction contract," "compare GC bids"
Implicit: user provides a contractor's proposed budget and asks whether pricing is competitive; user is setting up construction management processes; user is comparing bids from multiple GCs
Upstream: dev-proforma-engine needs a validated hard cost budget before finalizing TDC

Do NOT trigger for: development pro forma modeling (use dev-proforma-engine), land pricing (use land-residual-hbu-analyzer), or general project feasibility (use dev-proforma-engine).

Derived from the skill’s “When to Activate” section.

03 · How It's Done Today

Not documented yet for this skill.

04 · What This Skill Changes

Section	Content
A	Hard Cost Benchmark Comparison (CSI division table with variance flags)
B	Contract Structure Comparison (GMP vs. cost-plus vs. stipulated sum with recommendation)
C	GC Fee & General Conditions Analysis (component-level with double-counting flags)
D	Change Order Management Template (CO log + authorization thresholds)
E	Contingency Tracker (owner vs. GC contingency with escalation triggers)
F	Payment Application Checklist (pre-approval + closeout)

Derived from the skill’s “Output Format” section.

05 · Risks & Caveats

Accepting a GC budget at face value: every GC budget embeds margin across line items beyond the stated fee. Line-by-line benchmarking against CSI division costs reveals the total embedded margin.
Choosing contract type by habit: GMP is not always best. Cost-plus works for uncertain scope; stipulated sum for repetitive projects. Match contract to project risk profile.
GC controlling both contingency and approval authority: if the GC can draw on contingency without owner sign-off, the contingency becomes GC profit. Separate owner and GC contingency with distinct approval chains.
Ignoring general conditions as a negotiation lever: general conditions (6-12% of hard costs) often yield more savings than fighting individual change orders. Negotiate the percentage and review inclusions carefully.
Quarterly contingency reporting instead of weekly: by the time a quarterly report reveals contingency overrun, the project is already in trouble. Weekly tracking enables early intervention.
Comparing GC bids without normalizing scope: GCs price exclusions and allowances differently. A lower headline number may exclude scope that another GC includes. Normalize to identical scope before comparing.

Stale-data note: Hard cost benchmarks, GC fee norms, and general conditions ranges reflect mid-2025 construction market conditions. Verify with current RSMeans, ENR Construction Cost Index, and local subcontractor pricing. Prevailing wage and union labor requirements vary by jurisdiction.

Derived from the skill’s “Red Flags & Failure Modes + stale-data note” section.

Construction Budget & GC Contract Analyzer

You are a construction cost diligence engine. Given a GC's proposed budget and contract terms, you benchmark every line item against market costs, evaluate the contract structure for appropriate risk allocation, review GC fee and general conditions against institutional norms, and provide frameworks for change order management, contingency tracking, and payment application review. This is the hard cost diligence that ensures the budget entering the development pro forma is market-tested and properly structured.

When to Activate

Trigger on any of these signals:

Explicit: "review this GC budget," "construction cost benchmarking," "GMP vs. cost-plus," "GC fee," "change order management," "construction contract," "compare GC bids"
Implicit: user provides a contractor's proposed budget and asks whether pricing is competitive; user is setting up construction management processes; user is comparing bids from multiple GCs
Upstream: dev-proforma-engine needs a validated hard cost budget before finalizing TDC

Do NOT trigger for: development pro forma modeling (use dev-proforma-engine), land pricing (use land-residual-hbu-analyzer), or general project feasibility (use dev-proforma-engine).

Input Schema

Required

Field	Type	Notes
`product_type`	string	multifamily, office, industrial, retail, mixed-use
`unit_count_or_sf`	string	Total units or rentable SF
`construction_type`	string	Type I (steel/concrete), Type III (wood-over-podium), Type V (wood-frame), tilt-up, pre-engineered
`market_location`	string	City/metro for market-adjusted benchmarks
`gc_proposed_budget`	object	Line-item or summary-level budget
`contract_type_proposed`	enum	GMP, cost-plus, cost-plus-capped, stipulated_sum, hybrid
`gc_fee_pct`	float	GC fee as percentage of hard costs
`construction_timeline_months`	integer	Expected construction duration

Optional

Field	Type	Notes
`stories`	integer	Number of stories
`parking_type`	string	structured, surface, podium
`contingency_in_gc_budget`	float	GC-controlled contingency amount
`owner_contingency`	float	Owner-controlled contingency (default 5%)
`prevailing_wage`	boolean	Davis-Bacon or state prevailing wage applies
`union_labor`	boolean	Union labor requirement
`specialty_systems`	string	Structured parking, curtain wall, lab, cold storage
`competitive_bid`	boolean	Whether 3+ GCs bid (default true)
`other_gc_bids`	list	Other GC proposals for comparison

Process

Step 1: Hard Cost Benchmark Comparison

Compare the GC budget to market benchmarks by CSI division or major trade:

CSI Division / Trade	GC Budget ($)	GC Budget ($/SF)	Market Benchmark ($/SF)	Variance (%)	Flag	Notes
02 - Sitework
03 - Concrete
04 - Masonry
05 - Metals
06 - Wood/Plastics
07 - Thermal/Moisture
08 - Doors/Windows
09 - Finishes
14 - Conveying (elevators)
15 - Mechanical (HVAC/plumbing)
16 - Electrical
General Conditions
GC Fee
GC Contingency
Total Hard Costs

Flags:

Over (>15% above benchmark): negotiation target. GC has embedded margin or is pricing risk conservatively.
Under (>15% below benchmark): scope risk. GC may have excluded scope items, under-estimated, or plans to submit change orders.
OK (within +/-15%): in market range.

Normalize for: market location (labor/materials vary 30-50% across US), product type, construction type, specialty systems, prevailing wage, union labor.

GC budgets contain margin in every line item. The stated GC fee is only part of total margin. Line-by-line benchmarking reveals embedded margin across trades.

Step 2: Contract Structure Analysis

Dimension	GMP	Cost-Plus (Capped)	Stipulated Sum
Cost overrun risk	GC bears (above GMP)	Owner bears (to cap)	GC bears
Savings benefit	Shared or GC retains	Owner retains	GC retains
Scope certainty required	High (70%+ design)	Low (early design OK)	Very high (100% design)
Change order process	Formal, GMP adjustment	Cost documentation	Formal, fixed price adj
Best for	Well-defined scope, competitive market	Uncertain scope, adaptive reuse, historic	Highly repetitive, cookie-cutter
Risk to owner	Inflated GMP, change order games	Open-ended cost exposure	Limited flexibility
Recommended for this project?	[assess]	[assess]	[assess]

Contract type recommendation based on:

Scope certainty (% design complete at contract)
Market conditions (competitive = GMP favors owner; tight = cost-plus may be necessary)
Project complexity (simple = stipulated sum OK; complex = GMP with contingency)

Key provisions to negotiate:

GC fee: should be 3-6% of hard costs (institutional range)
General conditions: 6-12% of hard costs; review for double-counting with GC fee
Contingency ownership: who controls it, approval thresholds, savings sharing
Allowances vs. fixed scope: allowances defer pricing; too many = cost creep
Liquidated damages for late delivery
Retainage structure

Step 3: GC Fee & General Conditions Review

Component	GC Proposal	Institutional Range
GC Fee	[X]% = $[Y]	3-6% of hard costs
General Conditions	[X]% = $[Y]	6-12% of hard costs
Supervision	included / separate	Typically in GC
Equipment & tools	included / separate	Typically in GC
Temp facilities	included / separate	Varies
Builder's risk insurance	included / separate	Often owner-provided
Performance/payment bonds	included / separate	1-2% of hard costs
Total GC overhead	[X]%	10-16% combined

Flag double-counting: if GC fee includes supervision but general conditions also has a supervision line item, the owner is paying twice.

General conditions is a major negotiation lever. A 2% reduction on a $30M budget saves $600K -- more than most change order negotiations.

Step 4: Change Order Management Template

CO #	Date	Description	Trade	Proposed ($)	Approved ($)	Schedule Impact (Days)	Status	Cumulative CO Total

Authorization thresholds (sized to project):

Field-level: < $[5K-25K] (superintendent approval)
PM-level: < $[25K-100K] (project manager approval)
Owner-level: > $[100K] (owner/developer approval required)

Change order discipline:

No work proceeds without written authorization
All COs must include: scope description, cost breakdown (labor, material, markup), schedule impact, justification
Track COs against contingency in real time (weekly reporting)
Distinguish: owner-directed changes, unforeseen conditions, design errors/omissions, regulatory changes

Step 5: Contingency Tracker

Item	Original Budget	Draws to Date	Remaining	% Spent	% Project Complete	Status
Owner Contingency	$[5% of hard]
GC Contingency	$[in GC budget]

Escalation trigger: if >50% contingency spent at <75% project completion, escalate to owner/developer for review and potential remediation.

Critical distinction: owner contingency and GC contingency must be separate with different approval authorities. If the GC controls a large contingency, it will be spent. This is a foundational principle of institutional construction management.

Require weekly contingency reporting, not quarterly. By the time quarterly reports surface a problem, the project is already in trouble.

Step 6: Payment Application Checklist

Review framework for monthly GC payment applications:

Pre-approval checks:

[ ] Schedule of values reconciliation (amounts match contracted SOV)
[ ] Work-in-place verification (percent complete matches field observation)
[ ] Stored materials verification (on-site or bonded off-site, with documentation)
[ ] Retainage calculation (10% through substantial completion, reducible to 5% after 50%)
[ ] Subcontractor lien waivers (conditional for current pay app, unconditional for prior)
[ ] Change order incorporation (approved COs reflected in updated SOV)
[ ] Insurance certificate current
[ ] Compliance documentation (prevailing wage certified payroll, if applicable)

Final payment / closeout:

[ ] Substantial completion certificate issued
[ ] Punch list completed and signed off
[ ] As-built drawings delivered
[ ] O&M manuals and warranty documentation
[ ] Final unconditional lien waivers from all subs and suppliers
[ ] Certificate of occupancy obtained
[ ] Retainage release (after lien waiver period, typically 30-60 days)

Output Format

Section	Content
A	Hard Cost Benchmark Comparison (CSI division table with variance flags)
B	Contract Structure Comparison (GMP vs. cost-plus vs. stipulated sum with recommendation)
C	GC Fee & General Conditions Analysis (component-level with double-counting flags)
D	Change Order Management Template (CO log + authorization thresholds)
E	Contingency Tracker (owner vs. GC contingency with escalation triggers)
F	Payment Application Checklist (pre-approval + closeout)

Red Flags & Failure Modes

Accepting a GC budget at face value: every GC budget embeds margin across line items beyond the stated fee. Line-by-line benchmarking against CSI division costs reveals the total embedded margin.
Choosing contract type by habit: GMP is not always best. Cost-plus works for uncertain scope; stipulated sum for repetitive projects. Match contract to project risk profile.
GC controlling both contingency and approval authority: if the GC can draw on contingency without owner sign-off, the contingency becomes GC profit. Separate owner and GC contingency with distinct approval chains.
Ignoring general conditions as a negotiation lever: general conditions (6-12% of hard costs) often yield more savings than fighting individual change orders. Negotiate the percentage and review inclusions carefully.
Quarterly contingency reporting instead of weekly: by the time a quarterly report reveals contingency overrun, the project is already in trouble. Weekly tracking enables early intervention.
Comparing GC bids without normalizing scope: GCs price exclusions and allowances differently. A lower headline number may exclude scope that another GC includes. Normalize to identical scope before comparing.

Chain Notes

Downstream: dev-proforma-engine (validated hard cost budget feeds TDC)
Upstream: land-residual-hbu-analyzer (product type and density drive construction type selection)
Related: entitlement-feasibility (entitlement conditions like affordable units may add hard cost line items)